![]() ![]() E0.5 to E6 represent embryonic day numbers. ![]() Two small, curved arrows represent self-renewal in vitro. Green rectangles roughly represent the molecular features matching with early mouse development stages. Key chemical inhibitors used for in vitro derivation of indicated totipotent-like stem cells are mentioned. In contrast, 2-cell like cells (2CLCs) are transiently appearing cells within ESC culture where ESCs dynamically enter and exit a 2CLC-like state with 1–5% cells at equilibrium at a given time. ESCs have been reprogrammed to totipotent blastomere-like cells (TBLCs) via spliceosome suppression, to expanded/extended potential stem cells (EPSCs ) and totipotent-like stem cells (TLSCs ) via small molecule inductions. Differentiated cells can be reprogrammed to totipotent cells through somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). Embryonic stem cells (ESCs), extraembryonic endoderm (XEN) or primitive endoderm stem cells (PrESC sup ref 1) cells, trophoblast stem cells (TSCs) have been established from EPI, PrE and TE respectively, by isolating cells from mouse blastocysts. EPI gives rise to all cells of the organism TE forms placenta PrE forms yolk sac. The blastocyst has three distinct cell lineages: EPI-epiblast PrE-primitive endoderm TE-trophectoderm. The inner cell mass (ICM) cells in the blastocyst are pluripotent. The zygotic genome is activated at the 2C stage in the mouse. ![]() (A) Mouse development begins with fertilization followed by the formation of a zygote (1-cell) and blastomere of a 2-cell embryo, both of which are totipotent. Overview of mouse early development and current status of totipotent-like cells cultured in vitro. ![]()
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